Video Installation

Sober Industries

Sober Industries are a creative production company that specialise in developing and creating creative concepts and projects. They have worked with many different clients which includes the likes of MTV, Disney Channel, Converse and many other notable brands. They often create models that they then project on to. There are many different projections they have created that range from a wide variety of genres. The majority of their work has a similar style to it. Most projects are 3D models created from wood and metal which then have colours and images projected on to them. The models are extremely detailed and have many different layers projected on to them.

Image from: http://www.sober-industries.com/portfolio/projection-mapping-gundam-s-5083r/

This is one of there projection mapping projects that they created for the Amsterdam Dance Event. The models are of characters from the show Gundam. Similar to this project, they also created a formula 1 race car.

These images show the different stages of the race car projection. The first image shows the car without anything projected on to it, it is just the model. The second image has blue and white projected onto the different areas of the car and the final image shows how the colours have changed. There are multiple different colours projected on to it now and different patterns.


The intentions of Sober Industries work is all for commercial purposes. They create most of their work for other companies and organisations to help promote them. This limits their creativity as they cannot choose what model they want to create however they can choose how they design their project. The industry had stated

"we use technology in a creative way to trigger the participants emotions and to stimulate curiosity and create engagement"

This statement shows that they try to interact with viewers through their work. It is important to them as well as their client that viewers stop and take a second look at their work. Sober Industries treat their work like art and have a vision behind each piece. They see their work as more than just promotional pieces. Some of their work has been created for their own promotional purposes and allows them to really express themselves.

They are a big industry and have a variety of technology at their disposal. As well as projection mapping they also use laser cutting technology to cut out the significant shapes for their models. made from wood. Another piece of technology they use is LED lights. The majority of their work involves flashing lights and bright colours and using LED lights helps to give that luminous look to their models.

Their work differs from a lot of other companies and artists. One big factor that makes their work unique is the use of models. They project their pieces on to wooden and metal models whereas a lot of artists will go for a more simpler option like a flat screen. Using models is a lot more time consuming as there is the process of creating the model to be carried out and projecting video on to each difference surface which puts other companies off doing it. By using models you are creating a much more attractive and 3D piece which will probably interest a wider audience. A company such as Urban Projections would differ from Sober industries as they use existing architecture and objects as their models. They use things such as houses and cars to project on to. The advantage of using Sober industries method would be you have more freedom as you are creating your own model whereas Urban Projections method is much more cost effective as you don't have to pay for the materials.

I personally admire the work of Sober industries. The complex technique used pays off and creates really interesting pieces of work. I think their work is unique to them and you would be able to tell there work apart from other companies. I believe this is the reason many big names hire there services as they are recognised as a good brand and would therefore look positive on the employing company. A negative that has come up with their work is it is all quite similar. This is thought of because almost all their projects are a model with different colours projected on to it. A lot of critics believe that they are not a diverse company. I feel that this is not such a negative as they are creating what their client wants. Their clients know what their work looks like and only goes to them because they want something of the same. I believe they are doing what they know looks best and is most effective for sales.

Urban Projections 
Urban projections are a digital production company who create many forms of digital artwork. They are most recognised for their work using projection mapping. Most of their work is collaborating with DJ's, festivals and directors to provide a more satisfying visual experience for their customers and audiences. A lot of their projection mapping is done on architecture and to music, this is why their work is ideal for DJ's. The images they project generally transform to the beat provided in the background and by using these projections at live events, they add a unique look which audiences tend to enjoy more than the usual flashing lights and smoke. Some of their more notable clients are the BBC, Vodafone and Vauxhall.

Image from: http://www.mynameisrebecca.com/269005/4005796/projects/freefall-festival-mapped-dj-booth

This collage of images shows a piece they did for a DJ set. They projected on to multiple surfaces that made up the DJ set and projected different colours and shapes on to it. Another project of theirs was for Vauxhall. They projected colours and animal prints on to the car to help promote their new range of 'Adam' vehicles.

A lot of Urban Projections work is done for commercial purposes as they have to make money to run their company however some of there work is done to carry a message. They carried out one project called 'Bloom' This project was carried out to celebrate the Paralympics and the Diversity of the town the project was commissioned in. They allowed members of the public to provide images that would then be projected on to a building. This shows that they are not all about making money and instead want to bring people together by publically video bombing their work.

https://vimeo.com/49514987

This link leads to the Bloom project on Vimeo.

Urban Projections save a lot of money compared to other companies as they do a lot of video bombing. This means they do not have to pay for materials. Also If they are doing commercial work then the company generally send them the materials they need. For example, Vauxhall provided them with the car. They use projectors to map onto buildings and structures. The size of the structure will change the amount of projectors they need to use. The bigger it is the larger the area that needs covering and therefore more projectors are needed. There is no other equipment necessary for them besides the projectors which show how simple it can be to pull off such big projects.

Urban Projections vary from other companies because a lot of their personal projects involve video bombing. This is when the group project video and images on to public structures and property. Most other companies will have their own studio, materials and models like Sober Industries do. I admire the work of Urban Projections because by video bombing they are really getting their work out to the people for free. The public are generally involved in some way with some of there work and they don't have to buy a ticket to an event just to see it. The work would instead be projected on to a large building for everyone to see. It is also a good idea for anyone thinking of starting out as a projection mapper. It is much more cost effective and a good way to get noticed.

Research blog

Sole Trader
A camera man is a sole trader. This is because a camera man can work free lance meaning they can keep all the money they earn after tax.
A sole trader does not earn a constant wage, they get paid every time they do a job and the payment can vary depending on what they are doing. The personal tax responsibilities of a sole trader include sending a self assessment tax return every year, pay income tax on their profits each year and pay national insurance. A Sole Trader must also register for a VAT if they expect their annual profits to be more than £82,000. 

Partnership
A business partnership is when two or more people or companies run a business together. Production companies are often started off as partnership with multiple people working there way up to build their business.
Bob Lawrie and James Studholme are founders of Blink Productions. They began their partnership by creating the animation company which they late evolved in to a live action company.
In a partnership, both partners share responsibility for the company and can share the profits. Only one partner has to send off a partnership self assessment tax return every year. They also have to pay income tax and national insurance. If they expect to make more than £82,000 a year then they must apply for a VAT.

Health and Safety
When starting a small business, it is vital that you can ensure all members of the business are safe.  When starting a production company, it is better to have trained professionals on the set who know how to use the equipment. There is a lot of dangerous equipment involved in productions so having just anyone operate it will put everyone at risk. There are a number of common safety precautions that you can have on set in case of emergency. With all the electrical equipment around, there is a large fire hazard.
By simply having fire extinguishers nearby, you are prepared to tackle a fire if one were to occur. By having these on set you can stop a fire before it gets out of hand.

Laws and Regulations
There are multiple laws and regulations that must be considered when starting up a small business. You must tread lightly with everything business related as there are so many laws and regulations.
A big law that will get a lot of businesses in to trouble is copyright. Almost anything can be copyrighted to another business if they have came up with it. A company must be careful when choosing something as simple as a company name. If it is the same as or too similar to another company, they can sue.
You can also get in to trouble if the name is considered offensive. This can breach the 'protecting minors' regulation. If the name had a swear word in it then parents would be offended that you are teaching their children this word. You would also be fined if the name discriminated against a selected group. If it was racist or sexist, then the group that have taken offence can choose to take action and fine the company.

Tax Liabilities
A Tax liability is the amount of tax money that a company would need to pay to an authority after an occurrence that requires taxing. It is important for companies to know there tax liabilities so they can ensure they have the correct amount of money needed and can pay their taxes when it comes to it. Tax is based off how much money the company makes in profits. The more money you make the more tax you pay however people with higher earning jobs will still have more money than lower earners.
Tax is paid to the government that then goes back in to the country. The money goes towards things such as running the government, the army and education systems.


Business Loans
A business loan is the same as any other loans however it must be used for business purposes only and not for personal reasons. The loan can only be handed out if it is beneficial for the company.
Like a regular loan, a business loan will be issued by a bank or loan company and will have interest added on. The interest will increase based on how long it takes to repay the loan.
These companies might often decline businesses loans if they do not believe they can pay it back. Companies will often have to pitch their business to the banks in order to persuade them to give them money.

Public Funding
Public funding is when a business is given funds usually by the government. They are often only given this money if there business or plans will benefit the general public and community.
This funding is different from a business loan as you do not have to repay it. It is given to you with trust that it will benefit the community.
The interview process is also needed to get public funds. The people bestowing the money on to you need to know it will be used to good cause. The government give funds like this because they are getting a favour out of it themselves. They are improving the community they have to run.

Financial Systems
A financial system is put in place so that companies can keep track of their financial activities. The financial system also enables different companies to loan and exchange funds. The financial system covers: accounting measures, revenue and expenses schedules, wages and balance sheet verification.
Business' need the financial system so that they can keep track of the money they are giving out and taking in. It helps them to ensure that all the right funds are going through and it is easy for them to detect if it is not.
The financial system has been very important in the creation of many well known products. It is necessary for people to invest in ideas and companies. Without it, many businesses and individuals would not be able to fund there projects as they would not be able to gain loans and grants

Intacct is a system that is used to assist small businesses with their financial systems. It includes: modules for core financials, a general ledger, payable accounts, cash management, order management, purchasing and collaborations with other companies. Additional modules can be added to this system to suit businesses to their needs and make it more personal.

Credit Control
Credit Control is in place to ensure that you make necessary payments to suppliers and receive payments from your clients. A big risk when extending credit is not getting paid or getting paid late. Either way there will be a negative effect on your own business. It is important to look into the client who will be paying you as they may have a poor credit history. If this is the case it is a risk working with them as you are likely to not get the money you need.

Critical approaches

Different Magazines target different audiences and use different methods to attract their audiences. I have chosen two different magazines to analyse and find what they have done to appeal to their audiences and become successful.

Rolling Stone
The first magazine I have looked at is the very successful, Rolling Stone. This magazine covers all the latest news in popular culture such as music and films. As it focuses on the popular things it is mainly aimed to please a younger audience. The magazine aims at 18- 35 year old's. The magazine's target audience begins at 18 because it contains some content that is quite mature and would not interest a younger reader or be suitable. At 18, viewers will start to appreciate the stories and other content in the magazine and are more likely to subscribe to it to keep up to date with what is going on. Younger viewers might not actually be interested in the stories and only purchase this magazine because they like the person on the cover. This will generally result in them not subscribing. The Rolling Stone also covers popular culture from different eras and a younger audience might not appreciate these particular articles as they are not educated on it or they have not lived through it. Someone as old 35 will have lived through 3 decades and witnessed many different forms of music meaning they would appreciate these articles.

This image shows an example of the articles in Rolling Stone. As seen on the cover there is a main article on Jimi Hendrix who was at his prime in the 60's/70's. This is not an issue from the 60's as at the top it advertises an article on Eminem who has been out from 2000 onward. A younger audience would most likely see this and not realise who this is which is why the target audience starts at 18.

This Image shows the demographic report of the rolling stones magazines. They have researched in to it and the research shows that the biggest audience come from 18-24 year old's and 25-34 year old's. I believe that the ratings start to drop after these age groups because people older than this start to lose interest in popular culture and prefer to stick to what they know and like which is usually what was popular when they were young.

The images used by Rolling Stone are important for grabbing the attention of the target audience. On each issue, the front cover is taken up by an image of a popular celebrity that there is a main article on in the magazine. This an effective use of a front cover because people who like that celebrity will be instantly attracted to the magazine. They always use an image that represents the celebrity in a way most viewers will approve of. For example they would use an attractive image of Leonardo Di Caprio however they have used a silly cartoon when showing Donald Trump and other politicians as a lot of people do not like him and will be attracted to this magazine as it makes him look inferior.

This is one cover of the Rolling Stone. The image used here is of Eddie Murphy covering his mouth. This image has been used effectively because underneath there is a headline that states 'Eddie Murphy Speaks'. The headline immediately makes viewers curious as to what he is speaking about however the picture is particularly effective because the fact he is covering his mouth implies that he is speaking about something he shouldn't which will attract viewers as it is interesting to read his true opinions.

One of the codes and conventions seen in this magazine cover is the style. The colours used in the Rolling Stone magazines are very simple. Most issues use a very basic black and white style such as the one above. This is still effective as it does not take any attention away from the image and the titles. The main title has become a recognisable logo for the Rolling Stone magazine as it has been very popular for many years. For that reason the producer can afford to put the headline behind the main image and people will still know which magazine they are looking at. This helps to keep focus on the image which is handy for the issue above as the image is important for grabbing the attention of the audience.



Nature & Health
The other magazine I researched was of a completely different genre. This magazine was Nature And Health. This magazine is aimed at a more specific audience. It focuses on females aged around 30+. The content in this magazine is all about how women can keep healthy and be happy. I believe it is aimed more at 30+ women because the content includes things based on children and marriage. Things that younger women would not be considering. Women at this age who have settled down will look to this magazine as a time consumer. It gives information on things women can do to keep healthy which is a popular subject amongst most girls who feel their image is important. Younger girls will not have to worry as much about their health as they are young and have a lot of their life ahead to worry about things such as that. They also will not have to concern themselves with keeping a good marriage if they are not even close to getting married.

This is a magazine cover of nature and health. One of the articles is Expert anti-ageing tips. This shows that this magazine covers more older women than young because young women will not have to worry about ageing for a while and would therefore not take interest in the article whereas someone older who is concerned about the effects of ageing will be interested in the articles information.

This is a different issue of nature and health. One of the features shown in this issue is the banner across the top. This banner is advertising a specific article in the magazine. There are other articles advertised across the left side of the magazine however this one has it's own banner. The producer will have purposely done this because they believe this article is more likely to attract viewers who come to look at the magazine. The banner is overlapping the title and the title is the first thing that people will look at if they are viewing the magazine for the first time. When reading the title they will look at this article first and this should then grab the viewer and persuade them in to reading the magazine. This specific article is 'Are Chemicals Making You Fat?'. This is an effective article because it asks a question and when the viewer is reading this they immediately become curious and ask the question themselves. Also, weight loss is a popular subject within the target audience and if they see something that gives the impression that they could learn how to lose weight then they will most likely be interested. The banner also indicates which page the viewer can go to so they can find out more. The fact that the viewer can eliminate a few seconds by knowing which page to turn to will help in attracting them to purchase the product. This is because they will be tempted to read the article more if they are told where to find it and if it is an interesting article then they will probably want to buy this issue or subscribe.

One of the codes and conventions used in this issue is the colours. The main colour that is taken from this cover is pink which is a stereotypical feminine colour. This is a good way of getting the target audience's attention. If the target audience are looking for a magazine that covers the topics that this one does then they can immediately tell that this magazine will suit them. The magazine covers stereotypical girly things and so if they boldly advertise a stereotypical girly colour than the audience will be able to tell what is in the magazine without actually reading it.


Audience Feedback

Magazine producers use audience feedback to improve their product. There are multiple different methods to collect audience feedback. One form is a focus group. A focus group is where a group of people gather together to discuss their thoughts on a product before it is released. In this case the product would be the magazine. This is an effective method to use before the initial release of a magazine. This is because you can get a variety of people’s thoughts on the content and find out if they would want to continue reading each issue. The use of putting all the people in a group is effective because they can openly give their opinions to each other and discuss in detail why they liked what they liked or didn’t like. The producer would be a part of the focus group and would note down all the feedback given. As this is done before the product is released, the producer could then make changes to the magazine or make the decision whether they even want to release the magazine at all.

Trialling and testing can also be done by producers to gain feedback. Trialling and testing is as simple as it sounds. The producer will basically release the magazine to a selected group or area to see how successful it is. They will be monitoring it over a short time period which is the trial period. They will be monitoring it to see how well it sells and maybe get some opinions on the way. If the magazine didn't sell many at all then it may be worth changing the magazine or stopping the production. The choice can all depend on how much money went in to making the magazine. If there is no profit being made during the trial period then the magazine is an unsuccessful one. 

Reviews and complaints are some of the more common ways that producers get feedback. A review is an easy way to get feedback because it can be done in many forms: online, on paper and in person. Some producers might add a small review sheet at the end of a magazine that people can send off however the more common method for reviews is online on their website. Viewers can easily visit the website if there is something they feel they should share to everyone. This is also how most viewers will complain. Complaints can have a negative effect on the magazine as it can put other people off purchasing it however it is still an effective way of getting feedback. Complaints blatantly point out the bad things in your magazine which makes it easy for a producer to get rid of the things people don't like in the magazine. If the complaints are taken on board straight away then there should be more of a positive effect in the end to overcome the negativity caused by the original complaint. 

Working to a brief

Structure of a brief
There are multiple different structures to a brief that make them vary from one another. One of the structures is contractual. A contractual brief is a legal brief. This means that all the guidelines given in the brief must be followed by law. The client will write up this brief and make the employee sign it which then means they have to legally create what the employer has asked for. This is an effective structure of a brief as you will definitely get something out of it. The employee must give you what you want otherwise you can fine them. The employee also has some benefits as the client must give to the employee what they have stated they would, for example a designated time frame, otherwise the employee can sue the client. 

Another structure of brief is a negotiated brief. In a negotiated brief, the employee will try and work with the client to alter the brief. This may be because the employee feels the brief could be improved or would like to add something to it. Whilst the brief is negotiated, the guidelines generally stay the same. It is often just the actual task that is negotiated.

Formal and informal are other structures of briefs. A formal brief is a more professional brief. This is usually a document which clearly outlines the guidelines of the task making it easy for the employee to figure out what they have to do. Formal briefs are usually given to companies that are doing business with the client. An informal brief has less effort put in to it. A lot of the time this won't even be a document and can instead just be spoken instructions. An informal document will often be used for individuals. By using an informal brief there is a more personal connection between client and employee and can be good for keeping a healthy relationship and keep pressure off the employee however this can lead to a final result that is not a professional standard.

A commission brief is different to other types of briefs. A commission brief is where a media company that is given a brief from a client will then hire a smaller media company or an individual to complete the brief for them.The bigger company are just passing on the brief. This can be useful for a big media company as they don't have to focus on the hard work that comes with the brief. There is a risk for them because they are trusting the smaller company to create something good enough for there client. The bigger company would still get the blame if the client wasn't satisfied. The independent company can make a lot of money from a commission brief as they can possibly get money every time the larger company uses or sells the product.

One more structure of a brief is a tender brief. A tender brief is when the client publishes their brief to the public. Production companies or individuals will then either create the product from the brief or pitch an idea to the client of what they want to create, depending on the clients needs. This can be good for the client as they can have plenty of product options to choose from and they can pick the one best suited to their brief. It is not as beneficial for the employee as they might spend a lot of time and possibly money creating their production for it not to be picked by the client. It can be a risk for an employee to take a tender brief.

Reading a brief
Briefs must be read thoroughly. It is important that a brief is fully understood otherwise you are likely to miss some important information that is vital to creating your product. On many briefs there are the same features. Every brief should give you the task at hand and will often have a time frame in which it should be done. This is one feature of a brief that is important to take note of. If you are not aware of how long you have to complete the task then you might miss your deadline. If the brief is contractual then you can get in to legal trouble for not handing in the work when it is needed.

A brief I have previously been given was titled 'Me, Myself and I'. This brief asked me to create a short film about myself. I had to read this brief thoroughly to understand what was asked of me. One of the statements given was 'Celebrate you'. After reading over all of the statements including this one, I realised that I could create a short film on something that represents me rather than a film documenting me. This meant I was able to create a much more effective and interesting film.

Negotiating the brief 
On many occasions, the employee will want to negotiate the brief with the client. There are many reasons why someone might want to do this. The employee may want more control over the product. Often the client will tell the employee exactly what they want in the brief and give the employee little opportunity to be creative with it. An employee might want to negotiate with the client so they can change the brief slightly and do more what they feel will create a more effective outcome.

There are legal and ethical constraints that must be considered before accepting a brief. If the employee feels that the brief is breaching some laws then it should be discussed with the client. If the employee took on and completed the brief then they could face legal action. An example is if the brief required you to steal someone else's footage then you would more than likely be sued by the original owner. Ethical constraints are different to legal as you cannot have legal action taken against you for bad ethics. If the brief stated that you couldn't use women in your final piece then you could go along with it without worrying about being fined however you are likely to upset a lot of women who would find it sexist. It is up to the employee to negotiate with the client about changing this or risk going along with it.

The employee or client may want to negotiate about amendments that can be made to the product. The employee might show the end product to the client and if there is still time then the client might want the employee to tweak the product. This can happen if the client is unhappy with it or feels there is something that wasn't as they expected. The employee could also negotiate about making amendments to the final product if they have strictly followed the brief and feel they could change the idea slightly. An employee might often request to amend the budget also. This is often the case if they feel the client has not offered them enough to make the product from. It is important to take in to consideration everything that has to be paid for to make this product at work out an average cost. Asking for more money is not the easiest thing to persuade the client to do so there has to be a reasonable explanation behind it with evidence. You need to be able to show the actual cost and compare it with the original budget. On the topic of money, a fee can be negotiated with the client. An employee might choose to negotiate their final payment if they feel it is insufficient. Based on the time frame and size of the task could all effect how much money you should get paid. If the brief states that you have a year to create an excellent product then you will want quite a lot of money as you need to put a lot of money in to creating the product and also you will have to turn down other work in the time that you are creating this product so you don't want to be losing out on money.

Opportunities
Working to a brief can give the employee a lot of new skills. It enhances their time management skills. After completing brief work you can find how long it takes to manage each section of production and you can apply your management technique to future work. You also gain experience by working with a client. You can develop skills by negotiating with your client and learning how to deal with different personalities in different areas of media. With this skill you can have more successful client meetings in other projects as you know how to handle different situations with different people.

Completing someone else's brief is a good opportunity to develop your work experience. Someone else's project looks good on a show reel or CV of some sort. This is because it shows that you can successfully complete tasks given to you. It also shows that you can move out of your comfort zone and create work that isn't yours but someone else's. This shows that you can complete almost any task given to you which is appealing for someone looking for someone else to take on their brief.

single camera theory

There are multiple different formats that are used when filming single Camera dramas. These are serial, single drama and soap opera. 

Serial

A serial drama is when a show has one continuous story. Each episode in a Serial drama follows one idea meaning you must watch every episode in the series to understand what is going on. This is a popular format to use as it makes the viewer tune in to watch each episode so they don't miss out on what is going on. If there was not one continuous story it would give the viewer the freedom to watch the show when they want and not miss out on anything. Breaking Bad is a serial drama. This is an extremely popular show. It is an effective serial drama because it is gripping and thrilling. This makes the viewer enticed in the program and leave them curious about how the story will continue. Serial dramas often leave episodes on cliff hangers so the viewer is left on edge, wanting to know what is to come.

Image from: http://www.wired.com/tag/breaking-bad/

Some Serial dramas last for as long as 20 episodes in a season. Serial dramas are often thrillers or actions because these are easier to get a long story line from.

Single Drama

A single drama is a different format for single camera. A single drama is not a continuous series like the serial format. In a single drama you generally only get a few episodes that make up the series. This is often done by directors who only have a short storyline they want to show. In a Serial drama a director may have multiple story lines which is why it can go on for seasons whereas in a single drama there is only one main event occurring. Like Serial, single dramas will often leave their episodes on a cliff hanger. This is useful when there are only a couple of episodes because it helps to ensure that viewers will watch the whole drama. The BBC created a single drama called 'Murder'. This was a very successful drama as it won a BAFTA. Each episode of murder focused on a different character. It would show how each character had a connection with the murder that occurred. This was effective because viewers would watch one and need to see the other characters sides of the story to find out the answers to the mystery behind the murder. Each character would reveal something that the others didn't.

Image from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/murder/

The writer will have created murder in this way because they will have wanted the viewers to see everyone's side of the story. Also by doing this, the audience can develop an educated opinion on the characters. Rather than just having a bad guy, the writer can show why he has turned bad or if they really are bad at all and not just being portrayed that way by other characters. The viewer will then watch it to not only find out what happens but also how the characters develop through different views.

Soap Opera
Soap Operas are the most viewed programmes on television. A Soap Opera is a lot like a Serial however there is no seasons. It just continues all the time. It is rare that a soap opera is done with a single camera however it is done. Some directors choose to make their soaps single cam so they can focus more on the characters. By doing multiple takes of a scene looking at each character, you can focus on their actions and expressions and make sure you get the best end result out of them. This is important because a lot of people watch soaps for the characters. Soaps are shows about everyday people that face realistic struggles. The viewers watch it if they feel they can relate or find the characters interesting. They are more likely to find a connection with the characters if they're performance is perfected which is easier to do with single camera.

Image from: http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/coronation-street-spoilers-drama-cobbles-after-carla-incest-bombshell-tracy-hits-rock-bottom-1535387

Despite the benefits of using the single camera technique for a soap opera, it is not done often because it is extremely difficult to pull off. There is a tight time schedule for soaps, Coronation street for example airs 5 episodes a week. They need to film all the time to get these episodes ready. There isn't much time to do so many takes with a single camera.

When creating a single camera drama. You need to take in to account which kind of narrative will be most effective for your story.

Linear and non linear
A linear narrative is also known as a sequential narrative. A linear narrative is when all the events in the story happen in chronological order. The story flows from the beginning and has no flashbacks or jumps forward in the story. This is used quite often because it is simple to do and gets the story across well. It is unlikely to confuse the viewer because everything is shown as it happens. It is the safest option for a narrative for a director. It is a useful option to choose if the director wants follow one character or story. The Single drama, 'Toast' is an example of  a linear narrative. This show follows a young Nigel Slater who gradually grows up to become the chef he is today. This is an effective linear drama because it is showing him growing up. It needs to go in the correct order so we know what happened in each stage of his life.

Image from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00wylpf

A non linear is pretty much the opposite of a linear narrative. In a non linear show, the events do not take place in chronological order. There will often be flashbacks or flash forwards to help develop the story line or explain certain aspects that may be unclear. This is also popular among directors because they can pull off more complex story lines. It is also more of a risk as there is a good chance the viewer might get confused with what is going on if it keeps changing out of place. Directors tend to go for non linear when they want to make the audience think. They don't want their idea to be too simple or boring which is likely with linear dramas. The very popular show 'Lost' is a non linear drama. In lost, a group of people survive a plane crash and get stranded on a remote island. They often show flashbacks of the survivors lives before they got stranded which link in with their actions on the island and their relationships with the other characters. This is effective as it explains some of the events that takes place and helps to get across why the characters are doing what they do.

Image from: https://squareeyedwastaken.wordpress.com/2014/09/22/lost/

Realism and Non realism
Realism is a form of narrative that people can relate to. It involves realistic or true events. Realism dramas are often based on true events that really happened. A director might choose to do this because it is easy for them and it is something that people will be interested in. By choosing a real event to make a film of, you already have your story line which eliminates part of the production process. Also by picking an event that has either affected a lot of people or something that a lot of people know of, you are guaranteed viewers. The serial show 'The Office' uses the realism narrative. This is because it is based on the events that take place in an everyday office. It is a realistic show so that people can relate to it. Many people work in offices and find that they know people like the characters involved which makes the show funnier. If the show were to add something completely unrealistic such as monsters, viewers could not relate and wouldn't find it funny.

Image from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/comedy/theoffice/characters/profile_david.shtml

A non realism narrative is a narrative that is wrote up and is not expected to be believable. They include things that could never happen in our day to day world and are just a fantasy. This narrative is sometimes chosen by directors who want to make something exciting and different. It gives the director no limits because the story isn't real anyway. Anything can happen in a non realism single camera. The TV show 'Misfits' uses the non realism drama. This show follows a group of youths on community service. This is a fairly realistic base to work on however each youth gets super natural powers. This is non realistic as no one really has super powers and therefore cannot relate. The director will have done this as not many people can relate to youths on community service yet the fact they have super powers interests viewers and means they can get involved in all sorts of non realistic mishaps, revolving around their abilities.

Image from: http://e4-misfits.wikia.com/wiki/The_Misfits_Gang

Technical requirements
A lot of directors use different technical utilities to improve the story and the narrative. One of the requirements is lighting. Lighting is very useful for adding a dramatic effect to the story. A different outlook on characters and situations can be given by adding or taking away light from the scene.

Image from: https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/386535580494596148/

This is a shot where lighting has been used effectively. There is only light in the background of the picture to show what the setting is. The character in the center is completely blacked out which makes him look mysterious. Also because he is in a remote tunnel, it makes the audience think something big and dramatic is about to happen. There is not much detail so the audience doesn't learn too much from one shot. They are unaware what is to happen next and therefore continue watching. If the shot was completely lighted then the audience would know a lot more about the character and the location and they wouldn't be curious as to what is going on.

Sound is used similarly to lighting. It can also be used to add dramatic effect to shots and develop story. The use of sound can be more effective in certain genres. For example, in horror's and thrillers, sound can be used to add suspense and tension. Loud noises are often use to scare audiences so this can be achieved by over exaggerating sounds. This is also helped a long by having little background noise. An example would be a silent room with the odd creak of a chair or floorboard right before a scream that the audience was anticipating. This makes the scream even scarier as it is not drowned out by background music.

This video explains the effect and importance of sound in film. It explains how it creates an atmosphere. This is important because it lets the audience know what they are in for and what they can expect. It also indulges them in what they are watching and can keep then interested. Poor use of sound can make the production seem boring.

One thing that makes certain directors so successful is their own adapted style. Certain directors like things done in a certain way and for some of them this is effective. You can find that directors use a lot of the same shots and effects in their films all depending on what they think looks good or helps carry a story. One director who has a clear style is Martin Scorsese. He has created many successful films and most of which use his own unique style. Scorsese frequently uses slow motion and long tracking shots in his films. He also uses music that is popular. This is effective because he is picking songs that people know and songs that people understand. If the song carries a certain message then it can help carry the story of the scene. Also people will enjoy listening to music they like, they won't want to hear something that is unknown and sounds terrible.

This is a scene from 'Mean Streets'. This shows the typical effects Scorsese likes to use. In this clip we see Robert De Niro's character entering the bar. As he enters everything turns to slow motion and the song 'Jumping Jack Flash' plays by 'The Rolling Stones'. These are both done to help give the impression that this character is cool. The slow motion lets you take in how he enters and people's reaction to him. The music is of a rock and roll genre which lets you think he is as cool as The Rolling Stones. The song is also one of their most popular which lets you think he is popular. These effects done by Scorsese are very little however very effective as we soon build up this characters persona all from his entrance.

Photography

Advertising
Photography is an extremely popular method for advertising. It is popular because it allows the advertiser to show off exactly what they want. They do this simply by taking a picture of their product in a way that makes it look appealing to the viewer. The final image would most likely not be the one taken originally. They are often edited afterwards to add unnatural effects which are often used to exaggerate the product or make it look unique.

Image from: http://digitalphotofall2015.web.unc.edu/2015/10/04/advertising-photography/

 This is a photo used to advertise the drink 7 Up. In this picture they have surrounded the can in Ice and lemon and limes. The ice will have been put around it to make the drink look more refreshing. They are trying to get the point across that it is what you should drink when you need a cool down on a hot day. It even makes it look more appealing in general as no one likes a warm fizzy drink. The lemon and limes are in the image to exaggerate the flavour of the drink. They are trying to show that it has a natural fruity taste so anyone who likes the taste of these fruits will want to buy it even though there is a lot more than just lemons and limes used in the drink. This image was most likely edited afterwards. It looks as though it has been given a bit more of a shine to it. A brighter image in general would make it look more appealing however this could have been done with regular lighting.

Advertising photography is more commercially viable than artistic. This is because no matter what you have to take a picture of a certain product and you always have to make it look good. The example above of the 7 Up can would be hard to be creative with as you have to make a 7 Up can the center of attention and you need to make it look refreshing so your only options would really be to make it look cool. It is definitely commercially viable as the whole idea of advertising is to promote products and make money. Very few people would take attractive pictures of products to be creative.

Promotional
Promotional photography is a lot like advertising however there is a difference. Advertising is used to promote products and companies in general whereas promotional is used to promote one off offers and events. They both use the same methods to try and get their messages out their as they both focus on the product they are selling and try to make it as attractive as possible.

Image from: http://www.sjncheshirephotography.co.uk/the-eyres-promo-live-photography/

This is a promotional photograph. It is promoting a band. A band will need promotional photographs when they are releasing a new album or going on a tour. These photographs are often made by the venues that host the bands or the shops that sell their music. This is because they will want to sell as much as they can and these photographs can do that. This image shows the group sitting in an empty room with just a sofa. As simple as it is, this has been done on purpose to promote the bands image. From this image I can assume that the band sing indie or folk music. This is because they are all wearing simple clothes, just jeans t-shirts and jackets. They are not wearing all the latest brands or following fashions. This is because they don't want to look too mainstream. Also, the plain brick wall shows that they are not focusing on style and looking fashionable because the whole set in general looks a bit scruffy. This gets their image across well because the whole point of indie music is about being individual which the photographer has clearly thought about before taking the photo.

This is also more commercially viable than artistic because again you have to focus on promoting the product and can't do what you want. Promotion photography is focusing on letting people know of the latest offers and events that are out there. Certain promotional photography can be more artistically viable than advertising. For example if you were promoting the band shown above you could choose the setting and outfit as long as it suits there style. It would not have to be an empty room, another option would be a plain street. Besides this, there are still much more creative forms of photography available and promotional photography's main goal is to gain money and recognition in the long run.

Fashion
The purpose of fashion photography is to display and advertise the newest style in clothing and other items and accessories. Most fashion photography appears in magazines. Fashion is a popular interest along many people worldwide meaning fashion magazines sell in extreme numbers. For that reason, the photography that appears in magazines must be perfect. It influences so many people so if there is anything that is not up to standard it cannot be used. Fashion photography is all about selling and displaying lifestyles. It gives people images of what people like them can dress like.

Image from: http://digital-photography-school.com/7-tips-from-professional-fashion-photographer-adriana-curcio/

This is a photograph advertising fashion. All the photographs will be advertising different items however they all fashion photography has a theme to it. This photo is almost certainly advertising the dress and belt being worn by the model but like many others, it is very dramatic. This is done by making the model pose in an unusual position and using an abnormal background. There is also a lot more lights used on the model then there would be in any other form of photography. This is all done to make it seem more exciting to try and induce the viewer in to buying the items of clothing. Realistically, not many people will be able to pull off this outfit as well as the model does because they won't always walk around with lights following them, be covered in that much makeup and the majority of people who wear this will not look like a model. However, the image is dramatic and gets the viewer excited about wearing the dress as they believe it looks that good. If the image showed a regular person, in a regular background doing a regular pose then a lot less people would buy it.

The photographer would be able to choose what back drop and pose the model pulls off however they would not be able to choose much else meaning there is not much artistic viability. Fashion photography is used to sell clothing and accessories meaning it is more commercially viable. You can not simply take pictures of the dress without it standing out from the rest of the image. Even if you have been very creative with the backdrop, like the image above has, you still must focus entirely on the fashion item.

Photojournalism
Photojournalism is telling a story through images. It is often used in magazines and newspapers. They can be accompanied with text to help explain the story or they can simply be images alone. Magazines will quite often use only images to get a message across whereas newspapers almost always accompany the images with text as they are giving people the news which is often too detailed to give through just pictures. Photojournalism is often used to get messages across on serious subjects. By showing people the reality of the subject you can give them a stronger opinion in it, therefore raising awareness.

Image from: http://burtok.tk/099d75e/what-is-photojournalism.htm

This is a photojournalism image. It is quite a dramatic picture and would most likely have been used to tell a story of underage smoking or to show the scruffiness in a certain area. Underage smoking is a subject most people are against and this image will show the negativity behind it. People who see this in a magazine or newspaper will want to learn more about it so they do something to stop it and therefore helping the original cause. The image looks negative as it is grey scaled. If it was over saturated then it would look more pleasant and viewers would think the magazine was trying to promote underage smoking. Also the girl looks dull herself which gives the impression that she is not even happy to be smoking and she has just turned to it. This gives the viewers some sympathy towards her and might want to help. It is unlikely that the photographer told her to pose like she is, instead he just had to catch it at the right moment which gives it a more natural feel.

There is some commercial viability in this form of photography as you can use it to advertise certain causes or events or companies. A visual story line can often give the customer a better idea of what they are spending their money on. That being said, a photographer can be quite creative with photojournalism. They can tell their own stories by taking pictures of what they want to. Photographers often tell stories about themselves using photos which allows them to do what they want as no one can tell a story about them as good as they can.

Portraiture
This kind of photography focuses on a person or a group of people. It is done to try and capture moods and expressions through facial features and facial expressions. More often than not, portraiture focuses on just the face however it can also capture a whole body as body language is a big influence as well. Portraiture is not just taking a picture of anyone. The photographer will have someone model for them in a certain pose. This is different from fashion photography as this is focusing on the person and not the fashion items. Portraiture can be of anyone, not just the good looking people like in fashion photography.

Image from: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/ist/?next=/smithsonian-institution/around-the-web-new-yorker-photographers-on-national-portrait-gallery-subjects-34149457/

This is a portrait of actor, Jack Nicholson. This was taken for a magazine in New York. The image will have came alongside an article about Jack Nicholson or actors in general. I think what the photographer is trying to achieve here is a sense of normality behind Jack Nicholson. Most people will only know him as a big Hollywood actor and will have only seen him in films or photo shoots where he does not look natural. What this picture shows is that he is just normal like the rest of us. Here he is not doing a dramatic pose or covered in makeup to make him look better. He just looks like any normal person despite being famous. This particular magazine has done the same thing with many celebrities including George Clooney and Barrack Obama.

This form of photography can be quite artistically viable as it allows the photographer to show an emotion or expression how they want. They can direct the person modelling to do whatever. They do not have to worry about making them look good if they don't want to. However there is a commercial side as some magazine will only want specific portraits that will attract readers so if you are aiming to sell to a magazine company then you might have to narrow down what you use in your photos.

High Street Studio Work
This kind of photography is a popular career with photographers. It is one of the more simple forms of photography and can pay a decent wage. It is basically taking photos of individuals, families and even pets and making them look like models. High street studios get pictures that the everyday person would not be able to with a smart phone. When booking a high street photo shoot, the individual will often have their hair done up as well as makeup that all works well with the lighting and camera settings. The end product will make the subject look more attractive and similar to what you would see in a magazine.

Image from: https://wrl4.wordpress.com/2011/05/01/high-street-contact-sheets/high-street-studio-contact-sheet-3/

This is an image showing high street studio work. This was most likely taken for this girls prom. This kind of photography is a lot like fashion photography as the subject is in dramatic poses. This is again done to make her seem more attractive. There will be a lot of lights used and some slight digital tweaks afterwards to take out any visible flaws. This is all done to make the buyer feel like they are getting their value for money. Taking pictures for prom is popular because this is a time when everyone wants to look as good as they can and high street photographers can give that.

This form of photography is completely commercially viable. The photographer will have no artistic input as they will be taking the same picture everyday just with different people. It is important to make the subject attractive so varying away from this by trying to be creative is a big risk that might not satisfy the customer.

Architectural
This kind of photography focuses on structures and buildings. Photographers do not generally just take a picture of a building, they shoot it in a way that makes the building look appealing. If it is not a particularly attractive building then they may shoot it in more of a dramatic style. Anything that will attract the viewer. Architectural photographers generally have to be very talented to get good photos of structures. There are buildings and structures all around so you can't just show people what they already see. They need to be interested by it and so there must be a lot of work put in to the lighting and position.

Image from: http://www.photographymad.com/pages/view/guide-to-architectural-photography

This is an architectural photo. This was specifically taken later on a night when it was dark so that the building would stand out. The building is surrounded by lights so it is completely shown in the image. Because it is all lit up, it has been shot from a long range so the viewer can see the whole structure. This is done on purpose so it looks like a nice place to be. The building looks relaxing and welcoming  which is probably what the photographer was aiming for as it is a house in the country.

This form of photography can be both artistic and commercially viable. This is because a photographer can take pictures of buildings they find interesting in ways that they want to. If they like the building they can portray it in a positive way and if they don't then they can portray it negatively. There is however money to be made in architectural photography as places like bars and clubs will want to advertise their club in a positive and welcoming way meaning the photographer would be slightly limited even if they thought the building looked horrible.

Illustration
This is a unique form of photography. In illustration photography the illustrator will take a picture and digitally edit it afterwards. This is often done to try and show a hidden message or just to be creative. Illustration photography allows the photographer to get an image that is not doable in real life. They can turn their original image in to anything they want as long as they can design it. Not everyone can create illustration photography, you need to have editing software at your disposal. drawing over your photos by hand would not have the same effect.

Image from: http://bonjourlife.com/french-artist-combines-photography-illustration/

This is an illustration photograph. This photographer has a certain style with his images. Most of them include the same man and have a similar illustration style. This image is trying to show the emotion of stress. He has taken a picture of the man in a normal stressful pose. He has then illustrated the man multiple times around him in different more extreme poses. It shows all the agony that someone can go through when they are stressed. It also gives the viewer a sense of the pain that someone can feel and might not show.

Illustration photography is more artistic than commercial. This is because the photographer can do whatever they want with their images all thanks to digital editing. It gives them the option to tweak photographs to make them more interesting. They can make a dull picture exciting. Illustration photographs will not be very good for making money as not many people will want to buy photos that have nothing to do with anything and are completely unique. They may sell in galleries but mainstream magazines and newspapers would probably not be interested.

Fine Art
Fine art photography has developed from fine art paintings. When a photographer takes a fine art image, they are generally trying to get a message or emotion across. They are images that make the viewers stop and question the photographers thoughts behind the image. Photographers also aim to make the viewer feel something through their image. It is more than just a good looking picture.

Image from: http://digital-photography-school.com/what-is-fine-art-photography-and-how-to-do-it/

This is a fine art image. It is of a school staircase which has been abandoned and vandalised. This is an emotional image as something as innocent as a school has been left alone to be broken and ruined. Despite all the wreckage, the light still shines through the windows. This image may have a hidden meaning behind it, something that is nothing to do with a school at all but either way it makes the viewer think.

Although this form of photography can be used to advertise certain causes, it is more artistic than commercial. It is made up of images that photographers feel mean something to them which makes it very unique. It is not easily sold to a wide audience. It will often be sold in galleries where fine art is appreciated and people can understand the hidden meaning however this is still not a large audience.

Documentary
Documentary is a lot similar to photojournalism. It is used to document real life events be it famous historical events or current affairs. In a way it does tell a story however it is more to educate than to interest. As simple as it may sound, documentary photography is basically photos taken of events happening. The most popular documentary photos are from events that happened many years ago. Things like the world war. These are popular because these photos are one of the best sources of information when trying to learn about such things.

Image from: https://lindiewesselshistory.wordpress.com/2012/03/24/documentary-photography/

This is a documentary photograph. A good documentary photographer will not only show the event occurring but will also add some emotion to it. That is what this photographer has done. This image shows a soldier from the world war standing over an injured or dead women. The area and people look Japanese which was a country that was hit hard in the war. This image shows the effect the war had on the people themselves. It represents them as individuals rather than a country as a whole. People may not give much thought to how people in Japan coped through the war all because they were on the other side however this picture shows they were hit hard just like everyone else.

Documentary photography is commercial because a lot of people would be willing to pay for images that show real life events. Some photographers are willing to put their lives at risk to get photos in wars and other dangerous atmospheres making documentary photography rare and expensive. When the photographer knows their subject, they can be creative with how they take a photo as long as it captures something informative. There is some artistic viability involved, for example, the photographer who took the picture above could have chosen to focus on the people in the back or the building on fire however they decided to get a close up on the soldier.


I am going to carry out my own photography task. I am going to take my own picture in one of these forms and edit it until I feel it is good enough.

This is a picture I have taken myself. The picture shows A warning sign explaining it is dangerous to look over the dock as there is deep water below. In the background of the image you can see someone peering over the edge. I have chosen this because I thought it would be interesting to recreate the sign and show someone breaking the rules. This picture could class as a photojournalism or documentary picture. This is because it is telling a small story of young people disobeying rules. You get the idea that this person is young as they are covered up in their hoodie which is a typical stereotype of a young person. It is also clear that they are breaking a rule from the sign.

I am going to edit this photo as there is still ways that I can improve it.

To edit this photo I have changed multiple features. I used Photoshop to adjust some of the settings including contrast, brightness and levels. The first problem with the original image was it was too dark. I increased the brightness and the contrast slightly so that more of the image was visible. The contrast helps to add more of a dramatic look. I felt that just increasing the brightness would make the image look too friendly so the contrast was necessary to keep it serious. I changed the levels very slightly on this image to adjust the shadows, midtones and highlights. I mainly just adjusted the midtones to make the main colours of the image brighter and stand out slightly more. I finally changed the curves on this image. I adjusted the red, green and blue levels on the image, adding slight adjustments to them all. I thought that there was more blue in the image than red and green so i adjusted it to make it even. I changed the overall RGB curve to adjust the brightness of the colours. I turned up the highlights the most to make the sign in the foreground stand out.

This is my final image. I am happier with this because it is clearer than the original. I think making it brighter has helped a lot with understanding what the picture is showing. The levels and curves add a bit more colour to the image which I think makes it a bit more interesting to look at.

To take this image I used the Canon 700d. This was an effective camera to use as I could alter the settings to take a good image. I was able to change depth of field so the sign in front was in focus and everything else was slightly blurred. I could also adjust the f-stops, ISO and shutter speed to adjust the camera to the lighting outside. I had to adjust it to natural lighting as it was set to take indoor pictures.

Image from: http://www.amazon.co.uk/Canon-Rebel-18-55-3-5-5-6-inch/dp/B00BYPW00I

Multi camera project

I have been given the task of creating a multi camera project for web distribution. My project can be of anything as long as I use multiple cameras. For my idea I am going to film a project I am already involved in. This project involves filming local bands perform live music. I am filming this for a youtube channel however I can take one of my recordings and use it for this assignment as I film myself and edit myself.

https://www.facebook.com/NorthGroupFilms/timeline

This is a Facebook page for my project. It has information on the different artists we have already filmed.

This is my schedule for my assignment. The graph shows that I am starting by generating ideas which I have already done. I have also already assigned the roles I need as we all already have roles in this project I participate in. I may still need to find a performer if we do not manage to get anyone in to perform where we usually do. I might have to go out of my way to get someone new. The location we use is always the same and we can easily book it out. The rest of my plans revolve around the shoot itself. I feel I have given myself plenty of time with getting this done and I even have some back up time so hopefully I won't have any trouble with getting this done on time if  follow my schedule.


My role in this assignment will be as a camera man and editor. In production, I will have to control one of the multiple cameras and film the band or singer while they perform. They often perform multiple songs which means I have a few options of what I want to use in my final assignment. After filming the live music I will have to then edit it. This is important because I will need to mix the multiple camera's footage together to make it more interesting and look better in general. One continuous shot will look boring.

I have visited the location multiple times as this is something I do quite often. From visiting the location I know which exact building I will be using. The building in use is a barn however it has been renovated so that people can host events in there. It has a lot of decorations inside which make it a bit more exciting and it even has it's own bar.



These are images of my location. They show the outside and the decorations on the inside. I think using this location gives our video something special which other live music recordings don't have. This is because most sessions are filmed in a studio which is bland and boring. I think because this is different, it will stand out more and get more views.

Before filming my project, I have discussed with the other team members how we will go about filming it to get the best outcome. In this meeting, we decided which equipment we will use. This was an easy decision as we have completed projects like this many times so we have not changed what we are using. We are however going to use the selection of lenses that are available to us. The lenses give us better images as the focus on them is an improvement to the standard black magic lens. There is also a fish eye lens which gives a more interesting shot. We are going to use this fish eye lens for the close up shots and the other two lenses will be used for the wide shots. The audio equipment will be supplied by the crew members from the music tech department. They are taking care of booking that out. The equipment that I must book out is as follows:

• 3x Black Magic Pocket Camera
• 2x Tripod
• 1x Steadycam
• 1x Lens Box

We decided that it is best to have two cameras on tripods getting long shots at different angles. The other camera will be on the steadycam and will move around the subject. We are having three different cameras so there is a range of shots to be used and also when the steadycam changes positions we can quickly switch to a different camera's view so there is no shakiness and we keep focus on the subject.

In this meeting we were also made aware of what we were filming. We are filming a singer named J.P Rigall. He is a solo artist and will be performing with no backup. This means we can use all three cameras on him. This gives us a lot of options when filming because we can get him at all angles and give the viewers a good image of him and his style. This is important as we are also trying to promote this singer.

Before I can film, I must complete a risk assessment. This is to ensure that everyone is safe when filming. If I find a big hazard then I will have to cancel the shoot. This is my final risk assessment:

After completing the necessary documents, I have filmed my multi camera project. The next step for me is to edit it. I will need to mix the 3 different camera shots in with each other and colour correct it all.

One of the tools available on premiere pro is being able to edit in a multi camera format. I can view all three of my shots play at the same time and queue them in when I want them to be viewed. This is a much quicker and more efficient method when editing as I can get a good basic video edit straight away. I can change it around afterwards if it is not good enough.

Now I have all my clips in the correct sequence I am going to colour correct it. The black magic cameras give a dull image so I need to brighten up the shots I have.

This screenshot shows some of the colour correcting tools I have used on my video. They are: Luma Curve, Three Way Colour Corrector and Fast Colour Corrector. By using these I can adjust the brightness, saturation and add some more colour to the video. This makes it look like a respectful video which I can now upload for people to see.

This is my final video after being uploaded to Vimeo. This shoot went well in my opinion as there were not many problems that we had to face. One small problem that we did face was background noise. The room we filmed in is attached to a kitchen and there were some sounds coming from in there. This was easily overcome however as we moved our equipment further down the room away from the kitchen and shut all doors and windows that were letting sound in. This kept background noise to a minimum which meant the singing was not interrupted.